Many embedded-system patents concern functions that are not externally visible and are not available as source code. The relevant evidence often lies inside the firmware binary.

43IT supports patent holders and patent litigation teams in finding, verifying and documenting technical patent claim elements in accused embedded firmware.

What we analyze

• Firmware binaries, bootloaders and application code
• Control algorithms, state machines and control logic
• Sensor/actuator logic and communication protocols
• Update packages and firmware versions
• Memory content, EEPROM and non-volatile data
• Reference implementations and accused implementations

Typical work products

• Identification of implemented technical features
• Code-to-claim mapping
• Technical claim charts
• Comparison between reference firmware and defendant firmware
• Control-flow and data-flow analysis
• Documentation of relevant code paths, constants, tables and states
• Technical reports

Why 43IT

Our Diesel Scandal work built exactly the capabilities many embedded patent disputes require: binary analysis without source code, understanding of complex control strategies, comparison of multiple software versions and clear explanation of technical findings in adversarial proceedings.

We provide technical evidence. Legal infringement assessment remains the task of legal teams and the competent courts.