43IT combines lawful embedded reverse engineering in legal, regulatory, patent or technical evidence contexts with deep automotive and litigation expertise. This page provides a technical overview; the actual work is tailored to the concrete dispute question.

Firmware reverse engineering

• Static binary analysis
• Disassembly, decompilation and manual reconstruction
• Control-flow and data-flow analysis
• Calibration analysis and interpretation
• Comparison of software versions, variants and updates
• Ghidra and internal analysis tools
• Binary mass analysis

Processor architectures

• PowerPC
• SuperH
• TriCore
• Other embedded architectures depending on the case

Automotive ECU systems

• Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
• Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• Lean NOx Trap / Lean Nitrogen Trap (LNT)
• Injection
• Heating strategies for engine and exhaust components
• Oil-quality models
• Diagnostic logic and service functions

Communication and measurement

• CAN and ISO-TP
• KWP2000
• UDS, including RDBI and RMBA
• OBD II
• Live measurement of vehicle data
• Definition and supervision of vehicle and emissions tests

Non-volatile memory and diagnostic data

• EEPROM / NVM analysis
• Counters, flags, status values and event histories
• Update and service information
• Linking firmware logic with stored vehicle data